Introduction to freezing and thawing Concrete and brick elements are among the building materials that are frequently damaged by the freeze-thaw cycles in cold regions. Water enters the pores / voids in a stiff, porous material
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ASTM C173 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
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Phase Changing Materials in Construction
What are Phase Changing Materials? Phase Changing Materials (PCMs) are a combination of sensible-and-latent thermal energy storage materials which can store energy and emit it in the form of heat based on its solidifying and
Read moreWhat is Superstructure and Substructure?
In construction of any type of building or structure, there are two parts that exist in the project; namely, they are the superstructure and substructure. So, let us have some discussion on the meaning of
Read moreWhat is a Structure?
What is a Structure? We usually hear the term structure in civil engineering but what is the fundamental meaning of the this term? A structure is simply a system of connected parts or elements used
Read moreCuring Methods of Concrete in Cold Weather
Cold weather concreting is one of the most stubborn situations that concrete practitioners have to face every year in construction works in the fall and winter seasons in cold regions. Larger implications of lower temperatures
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