Durability Archives

Surface Scaling and Spalling of Concrete

In this article, two of the visual defects that might appear on concrete are discussed: Surface Scaling and Spalling of concrete. Surface Scaling of Concrete Scaling is a form of disintegration and is due in most

Effect of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Strength

TeamCivil Concrete, Concrete Design, Durability, Structural

Effect of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Strength Concrete structures could be exposed to high temperatures due to different reasons, mainly during exposure to fire; another one could be when the structure or its elements are

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP):Introduction-Properties

TeamCivil Durability, Materials, Types

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP):Introduction-Properties Concrete structures regardless of their purpose are disintegrating. A common link for this breakdown is that steel reinforcement is being used to strengthen the flexural capacity of the structures. Reinforcing steel

Freezing and Thawing Damage to Concrete

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

In this article, the damage caused by freezing and thawing cycles to concrete is described. Freezing-thawing damage results from the fact that when water freezes to ice, it expands by about 9 percent. When the water in

Effect of Water-to-cement Ratio on Concrete

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

The concept of water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of concrete is a universally fundamental concept and is considered as the oldest law in the concrete technology. The water/cement ratio influences the durability properties of concrete in a

Structural Damage Caused By Reinforcement Corrosion

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

Corrosion of steel in concrete may cause structural damage and early failure of Reinforced Concrete structures. Besides the volume increase and cover spalling due to corrosion (Figure 1), it negatively influences, the flexural, shear, and

Corrosion Damage Stages During Service Life

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

In 1982, Tuutti proposed that deterioration due to steel reinforcement corrosion can be represented by a two stage model (Figure 1). The first stage is associated with corrosion initiation, in which detrimental substances (such as

Permeability of Concrete

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

In general, permeability is defined as “the property that controls the rate of flow of a fluid into the porous solid”. Regarding concrete, the difficulty of the migration of the liquid and gas through the concrete