Carbonation is the term used to describe the effect of carbon dioxide on a material. The phenomenon rarely leads to structural problems but carbonation-induced corrosion can lead to unsightly spalling on structures. The repair costs,
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Aggregates: Effects and Classification Aggregates constitute a skeleton of concrete. Approximately three-quarters of the volume of conventional concrete is occupied by aggregate. It is inevitable that a constituent occupying such a large percentage of the
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Rodded Unit Weight of Coarse Aggregates PURPOSE Determination of the unit weight of coarse aggregates in a compacted condition. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 15 cm in nominal size. The unit
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Concrete in Compression It is generally accepted that the behavior of a reinforced concrete member under load depends on the stress–strain relationship of the materials, as well as the type of stress to which it is
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Concrete in Tension: Tensile Strength of Concrete The tensile and compressive strengths of concrete are not proportional, and an increase in compressive strength is accompanied by an appreciably smaller percentage increase in tensile strength. According
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There is no generally accepted method of directly measuring the amount of work necessary to achieve full compaction, which is a definition of workability. Probably the best test yet available uses the inverse approach: the
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Flow Table Test This test was covered by BS 1881 : 105 : 1984. The test is appropriate for concrete of high and very high workability, including flowing concrete which would exhibit a collapse slump.
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Cement Manufacturing Process History of Cement: Cement is a material which is highly compatible to the earth’s eco-system and most adaptable to sustainable development. Cement is a fine powder which sets after a few hours
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