Materials Archives

Green Cements

Concrete is the most used construction material in the world because of its practical advantages. That scale also means the cement and concrete industries use large quantities of raw materials and energy. The main environmental

Portland Cement Hydration

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

In a previous post about cement and its components, we mentioned that there are four compounds of cement. They are: Silicates Alite, C3S Belite, C2S Aluminates Tricalcium aluminate, C3A Calcium alumino ferrite, C4AF Portland Cement Hydration

How Concrete is Made

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

This post gives a basic outline on how the concrete is made. Simply, concrete is a mix of paste and aggregates. The paste, which consists of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the

Portland Cement: Compounds and Hydration

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

The word “cement” itself is a general word means “a glue” while “portland cement” is a more specific type of glue that is used in the civil engineering construction. The most important feature of the portland

Geopolymer Concrete

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

It was estimated that the production of cement which is used for concrete industry increased from about 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 2.2 billion tons in 2010. The problem is that cement industry is

Fly Ash: Classification, Physical and Chemical Properties

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

From all supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), fly ash is one of the most widely used materials in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of the combustion of pulverized coal in plants generating electrical power. During

Cold Weather Concreting

TeamCivil Materials

ASTM: Types of Portland Cement

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials